Watch | Mainspring
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Mainspring watches, A Traditional mechanical watch movements use a spiral spring called a mainspring as a power
source. In manual watches the spring must be rewound by the user periodically by turning the watch crown. Antique pocketwatches were wound by inserting a separate key into a hole in the back of the watch and turning it. Most modern watches are designed to run 40 hours on a winding, so must be wound daily, but some run for several days and a few have 192-hour mainsprings and are wound weekly.
A modern watch mainspring is a long strip of hardened and blued steel, or specialised steel alloy, 20-30 centimeters long and 0.05-0.2 millimeters thick. The mainspring in the common 1-day movement is calculated to enable the watch to run for 36 to 40 hours, i.e. with a power-reserve for 12 to 16 hours, which is the normal standard for hand-wound as well as self-winding watches. 8-Day movements provide power for at least 192 hours but use longer mainsprings and bigger barrels. Clock mainsprings are similar, only larger.
Since 1945, carbon steel alloys have been increasingly superseded by newer special alloys (iron, nickel and chromium with the addition of cobalt, molybdenum, or beryllium), and also by cold-rolled alloys ('structural hardening'). Known to watchmakers as 'white metal' springs (as opposed to blued carbon steel), these are stainless and have a higher elastic limit. They are less subject to permanent bending (becoming 'tired') and there is scarcely any risk of their breaking. Some of them are also practically non-magnetic.
In their relaxed form, mainsprings can have three distinct shapes:
* Spiral coiled: i.e. coiled in the same direction throughout, viz. that of a spring inside the barrel
* Semi-reverse: The outer end of the spring is coiled in the reverse direction to form an angle less than 360 degrees.
* Reverse (resilient): the outer end of the spring is coiled in the reverse direction to form an angle exceeding 360 degrees.
The reverse coils provide extra force at the end of the running period, in order to keep the timepiece running at a constant rate to the end
Mainspring watches, A Traditional mechanical watch movements use a spiral spring called a mainspring as a power
source. In manual watches the spring must be rewound by the user periodically by turning the watch crown. Antique pocketwatches were wound by inserting a separate key into a hole in the back of the watch and turning it. Most modern watches are designed to run 40 hours on a winding, so must be wound daily, but some run for several days and a few have 192-hour mainsprings and are wound weekly.A modern watch mainspring is a long strip of hardened and blued steel, or specialised steel alloy, 20-30 centimeters long and 0.05-0.2 millimeters thick. The mainspring in the common 1-day movement is calculated to enable the watch to run for 36 to 40 hours, i.e. with a power-reserve for 12 to 16 hours, which is the normal standard for hand-wound as well as self-winding watches. 8-Day movements provide power for at least 192 hours but use longer mainsprings and bigger barrels. Clock mainsprings are similar, only larger.
Since 1945, carbon steel alloys have been increasingly superseded by newer special alloys (iron, nickel and chromium with the addition of cobalt, molybdenum, or beryllium), and also by cold-rolled alloys ('structural hardening'). Known to watchmakers as 'white metal' springs (as opposed to blued carbon steel), these are stainless and have a higher elastic limit. They are less subject to permanent bending (becoming 'tired') and there is scarcely any risk of their breaking. Some of them are also practically non-magnetic.
In their relaxed form, mainsprings can have three distinct shapes:
* Spiral coiled: i.e. coiled in the same direction throughout, viz. that of a spring inside the barrel
* Semi-reverse: The outer end of the spring is coiled in the reverse direction to form an angle less than 360 degrees.
* Reverse (resilient): the outer end of the spring is coiled in the reverse direction to form an angle exceeding 360 degrees.
The reverse coils provide extra force at the end of the running period, in order to keep the timepiece running at a constant rate to the end